Atmospheric exposure vs burying: influences on damage intensity of built-in kersantite in the monument of the Small Staircase (Belgrade, Serbia)

Објеката

Тип
Рад у часопису
Верзија рада
објављена верзија
Језик
енглески
Креатор
Nevenka Novaković, Predrag Dabić, Vesna Matović
Извор
Environmental Earth Sciences
Издавач
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Датум издавања
2023
Сажетак
Proučavan je efekat „zatrpanog kamena“ na intenzitet procesa degradacije prisutnih na kersantitu koji je ugrađen u spomenik Malo stepenište. Istraživanja su vršena na uzorcima stene iz kamenoloma i na oštećenim kamenim blokovima ugrađenim u spomenik. Dok su neki delovi stepeništa bili pod zemljom 90 godina, većina kamenih elemenata je bila izložena različitim uslovima sredine i antropogenim uticajima. Urađeno je detaljno mapiranje trenutnog stanja spomenika kako bi se istražio uticaj “zatrpavanja” i kompleksne geometrije spomenika na tip propadanja i variranje fizičkih karakteristika kao što su prividna i stvarna zapreminska masa, ukupna i otvorena poroznost i upijanje vode. Glavne forme degradacije koji su se javile na elementima od kersantita bili su gubitak kamenog materijala u vidu dubinskog i reljefnog raspadanja praćenih zrnastom dezintegracijom, ljuspanjem i odvajanjem kore. Indeksi oštećenja izračunati su i na osnovu rezultata mapiranja. Mikroskopska ispitivanja, SEM-EDS i PXRD analize su pokazale da su vremenske prilike hidrotermalno izmenjenog kersantita proizvele nove sekundarne faze: vermikulit, povećanje sadržaja hlorita, formiranje sekundarnih Fe oksida/hidroksida i naslaga soli gipsa, tenardita, Na-Ca sulfata i halita. U odnosu na kersantit iz kamenoloma, uočen je pad vrednosti fizičkih svojstava oštećenog kamena. Izračunate vrednosti indeksa oštećenja odražavale su razlike između različitih delova spomenika i omogućile procenu stepena degradacije prema geometrijskom položaju i izloženosti kamena uticajima sredine, odnosno značaja koji “zatrpavanje” ima za konzervaciju kamena.
The effect of “buried stone” has been studied on the intensities of degradation processes present on the kersantite rock built into the monument Small Staircase. The investigations were conducted on sound rock from the quarry and damaged stone built-in the monument. While some staircase parts were underground for 90 years, most of the stone elements were exposed to different environmental conditions and anthropogenic influences. Detailed mapping of the current state of the monument was done to investigate the effect of the burial and monument’s complex geometry on the type of decay and varying of physical properties such as bulk and real density, total and open porosity, and water absorption. The main weathering types that occurred on kersantite elements were loss of stone material in the form of back weathering and relief followed by granular disintegration, flaking, and crust detachment. Damage indices were calculated on the bases of mapping results, too. Microscopic investigations, SEM–EDS and PXRD analyses showed that weathering of hydrothermally altered kersantite produced new secondary phases: vermiculite, increase of chlorite content, formation of secondary Fe oxides/hydroxide and salt deposits of gypsum, thenardite, Na-Ca sulphate and halite. In relation to sound kersantite, the decline in the value of physical properties of damaged stone was observed. Calculated values of damage indices reflected differences between separate parts of the Monument and enabled assessment of weathering rates according to the geometric position of the stone exposure to environmental influences, respectively significance of burial for stone conservation.
том
82
Број
4
doi
10.1007/s12665-023-10794-6
issn
1866-6280
Subject
Raspadanje, Indeks oštećenja, Zatrpavanje, Fizička svojstva, Kersantit
Earth-Surface Processes, Geology, Pollution, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Environmental Chemistry, Global and Planetary Change
Шира категорија рада
M20
Ужа категорија рада
М22
Права
Затворени приступ
Лиценца
Creative Commons – Attribution 4.0 International
Формат
.pdf

Nevenka Novaković, Predrag Dabić, Vesna Matović. "Atmospheric exposure vs burying: influences on damage intensity of built-in kersantite in the monument of the Small Staircase (Belgrade, Serbia)" in Environmental Earth Sciences, Springer Science and Business Media LLC (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-10794-6

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