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Упит dcterms_creator_txt:Kristina R. Gopcević

984 items

  • Tectonic evolution of the Vršac Mts. (NE Serbia): Inferences from field kinematic and microstructural investigations

    Uroš Stojadinović, Nemanja Krstekanić, Bojan Kostić, Marija Ružić, Aleksa Luković (2021)
    The Vršac Mts. in NE Serbia represent the key area to investigate structural relations between the Northern Serbo-Macedonian Subunit and Supragetic Unit of the Dacia Mega-Unit. The geodynamic events during the Variscan orogeny in the Late Paleozoic colligated the two units and led to their metamorphic differentiation. The Late Cretaceous extension exhumed the medium-grade Serbo-Macedonian metamorphic rocks and structurally juxtaposed them against the low-grade metamorphosed basement of the Supragetic Unit along an E-dipping shear zone, which outcrops in the ...
    severna srpsko-makedonska subjedinica, supragetikum, kinematska analiza, multifazna ekstenzionalna deformacija

  • The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

    J. Hoerler, Albrecht von Quadt, R. Burkhard, Irena Peytcheva, Vladica Cvetković, T. Baker (2022)
    rudna ležišta, egzo-endoskarn, CA-U/Pb TIMS datiranje, Balkansko poluostrvo, magmatizam, kraktorajni magmatizam

  • Development of a petrographic classification system for organic particles affected by self-heating in coal waste. (An ICCP Classification System, Self-heating Working Group – Commission III)

    M. Misz-Kennan, J. Kus, D. Flores, C. Avila, Z. Büçkün, N. Choudhury, K. Christanis, J.P. Joubert, S. Kalaitzidis, A.I. Karayigit, M. Malecha, M. Marques, P. Martizzi, J.M.K. O'Keefe, W. Pickel, G. Predeanu, S. Pusz, J. Ribeiro, S. Rodrigues, A.K. Singh, I. Suárez-Ruiz, I. Sýkorová, N.J. Wagner, D. Životić (2020)
    Self-heating of coal waste is a major problem in the leading coal-producing and consuming countries, independent of the recent or past coal exploitation history. The phenomenon of self-heating is dependent on many factors such as the properties of organic matter (maceral composition and rank), moisture and pyrite content, climate effects, and storage conditions (shape of the dump or compaction of the coal waste). Once deposited, coal waste undergoes oxidation, which can lead to self- heating with the overall temperatures ...
    Stratigraphy,Economic Geology,Geology,Fuel Technology
    ... rt ic le s in co al w as te s. Y ea r C at eg or ie s ap pl ie d M od e of id en ti fi ca ti on us ed on ph ot om ic ro gr ap hs Sa m pl e lo ca ti on fo r ea ch R ou nd R ob in Ex er ci se B ac kg ro un d V r (% ) N um be r of fo rm s id en ti fi ed 20 09 C ra ...
    ... (i n % ) ob ta in ed fo r in di vi du al m or ph ol og ic al fo rm s of or ga ni c m at te r in co al w as te s by pa rt ic ip an ts co nt ri bu ti ng to bo th 20 15 an d 20 16 R ou nd R ob in Ex er ci se s. 20 15 20 16 M in . M ax . R an ge A M V C M od e F ...
    ... k e F ra c tu re s , fi s s u re s , c ra c k s B ri g h te r ri m s D a rk e r ri m s P la s ti c is e d e d g e s B a n d s D e v o la ti lis a ti o n p o re s P a le r in c o lo u r p a rt ic le s % 2015 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ...

  • Uticaj geološke neizvesnosti u razvoju rudarskih projekata

    Petar Marković, Dejan Stevanović, Mirjana Banković (2023)
    Rudarstvo je industrija koja se nosi sa različitim vrstama neizvesnosti i rizika zbog svoje prirode i specifičnosti. Neizvesnost u rudarstvu može poticati iz različitih izvora i uticati na različite aspekte rudarskih projekata. Kao jedan od dominantnih faktora, ističe se geološka neizvesnost. Geološka neizvesnost igra ključnu ulogu u rudarstvu i može značajno uticati na procenu resursa i rezervi, planiranje eksploatacije, ekonomsku isplativost i upravljanje rizicima. Ova neizvesnost se ne može eliminisati, ali se uz primenu adekvatnih standarda i zakona može ...
    ... razrađivali mnogi autori u poslednjih 20 godina (Dimitrakopoulos R., 2018) (Armstrong M. et al., 2021) (R. Goodfellow, R. Dimitrakopoulos, 2013) (G. Lagos et al., 2011) (Goodfellow R., Dimitrakopoulos R., 2016) (Benndorf, J., Dimitrakopoulos, R., 2013). MOGUĆI MODELI LEŽIŠTA STVARNO ALI NEPOZNATO LEŽIŠTE ...
    ... Mineral Reserves. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. [5] Dimitrakopoulos R. (2018). Advances in Applied Strategic Mine Planning. Springer International Publishing. [6] Dimitrakopoulos, R., Farrelly, C. T., and Cheuiche Godoy, M. (2002). Moving forward from traditional optimization: ...
    ... planning for an open-pit mining problem under ore-grade uncertainty. Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics , 31, 15-20. [10] Goodfellow R., Dimitrakopoulos R. (2016). Global optimization of open pit mining complexes with uncertainty. Applied Soft Computing , 40, 292-304. [11] Kolonja B., Stevanović ...

  • Adaptive neuro-fuzzy prediction of operation of the bucket wheel drive based on wear of cutting elements

    Filip Miletić, Predrag D. Jovančić, Milos Milovančević, Dragan Ignjatović (2020)
    The capacity of the rotor excavator depends largely on the operation of the subsystem for digging. There is a great contribution to the correct and sharp teeth when the capacity is the highest. In the function of time, the teeth become clogged due to abrasive wear, or changes in their geometric shape. To analyze the bucket wheel drive in depend on wear of the cutting elements in this study adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach was implemented. ANFIS ...
    Pogon rotornog točka, habanje, rezni elementi, ANFIS
    ... laboratory tests. Wear 2015;328:149–59. [6] Kumar R, Dwivedi RK, Ahmed S. Wear characteristics and temperature analysis of alloy steel using self-developed wear testing machine. Mater Today 2019;18:2875–80. [7] Sellami A, Hentati N, Kchaou M, Kus R, Elleuch R, Chowdhury MA. Wear me- chanisms of different ...
    ... Serbia bUniversity of Nis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Bucket wheel drive Wear Cutting element ANFIS A B S T R A C T The capacity of the rotor excavator depends largely on the operation of the subsystem for digging. There ...
    ... According to the results prediction of the horizontal frequency has the highest accuracy (R2= 0.7612, r = 0.8724, RMSE = 91.4881). The lowest accuracy has the prediction of vertical frequency (R2 = 0.1794, r = 0.4235, RMSE = 207.4229). 4. Conclusion As a basic mechanization for the continuous removal of ...

  • Long-term planning methodology for improving wood biomass utilization

    Vladimir Vukašinović, Dušan Gordić, Marija Živković, Davor Koncalović, Dubravka Živković (2019)
    The insufficiently developed forest management system is often followed by undeveloped forest resources supply chain and insufficient institutional support. These cause inefficient usage of fuel-wood as well as huge amounts of unused forest residues. In order to achieve optimal and long-term sustainable utilisation of biomass, an original methodology based on the interaction of mathematical optimization and backcasting approach has been developed. Mathematical optimization is used for both generation and consideration of techno-economic parameters of the forest biomass supply chain. ...
    Long-term planning methodology, Forest biomass, MINLP, Backcasting
    ... 2015;147:131e60. [28] Freppaz D, Minciardi R, Robba M, Rovatti M, Sacile R, Taramasso A. Optimizing forest biomass exploitation for energy supply at a regional level. Biomass Bioenergy 2004;26:15e25. [29] Frombo F, Minciardi R, Robba M, Rosso F, Sacile R. Planning woody biomass logistics for energy ...
    ... 2015;147:131—60. [28] Freppaz D, Minciardi R, Robba M, Rovatti M, Sacile R, Taramasso A. Optimizing forest biomass exploitation for energy supply at a regional level. Biomass Bioenergy 2004;26:15—25. [29] Frombo F, Minciardi R, Robba M, Rosso F, Sacile R. Planning woody biomass logistics for energy ...
    ... 7, 11000, Beograd, Serbia a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 8 October 2018 Received in revised form 8 March 2019 Accepted 18 March 2019 Available online 24 March 2019 Keywords: Long-term planning methodology Forest biomass MINLP Backcasting a b s t r a c t The insufficiently developed ...

  • Izbor rotornih bagera za proces revitalizacije: primer rotornih bagera SRs 1200 u rudarskom basenu Kolubara

    Predrag Jovančić, Dragan Ignjatović, Stevan Đenadić, Filip Miletić, Goran Todorović, Dragan Novaković (2020)
    Revitalizacija je proces ili skup tehničkih zahvata na mašini kojim se vrši zamena svih dotrajalih ili oštećenih delova metalne konstrukcije. Sastavni deo procesa revitalizacije je i modernizacija zastarele elektro-mašinske opreme. Principi revitalizacije sasvim sigurno nisu sadržani u okviru redovnog godišnjeg ili dnevnog održavanja. Oni predstavljaju održavanje onih veličina koje su značajne za mašinu kao celinu (u ovom slučaju rotorni bager). U ovom radu su analizirani rotorni bageri oznake SRs 1200. Na površinskim kopovima rudarskog basena Kolubara takvih bagera ima ...
    Rotorni bageri, revitalizacija, SRs1200
    ... ij j i i i i i ij j i i i i x x S w x x x x R w x x − = − − =  −  − =   −   (2) gde je wi - težina kriterijuma. 3. Računanje vrednosti za Qj (kompromisno rešenje). * * ( ) ( ) (1 ) ( ) ( ) j j s s Rj R Q v v s s R R − − − − − −= + − − − (3) gde je: * * min ...
    ... min ; max min ; max j j j j j j j j S S S S R R R R − − = = = = (4) 4. Rangiranje se izvodi sortiranjem alternativa prema merama Rj, Sj i Qj [10]. 14 3.2 Metoda ELECTRE Druga metoda primenjena u radu je ELECTRE metoda čija je osnova usmerena ka rešavanju problema u ...
    ... ij x r x + = =  (5) 2 1 1 , 1 ij ij m i ij x r x − = =         (6) 2. Potom se određuju preferencijske normalizovane matrice vij, nakon čega se definišu skupovi saglasnosti i nesaglasnosti: , 1,2, ..., 1,2, ..., ij j ijv w r i m j ...

  • Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu

    Marjan M. Hudej (2014-02-03)
    osetljivost i rizik. Više pobuda generiše ovakvu atribuciju. Prva je, multivarijabilnostambijentalnih uslova i funkcionalna i strukturna složenost rudarskih sistema (čovek -priroda (radna sredina) - mašina – okruženje); Druga se odnosi na ne postojanje opštenaučne saglasnosti oko ocene pogodnosti modela za podršku odlučivanju i upravljanje.Treća, ako bi saglasnost i postojala, nije sigurno da bi raspoloživi modeli, metode i taktike,dale ekvivalentne rezultate za iste rudničke uslove. Četvrta, sistemske nauke još uveknemaju opšte prihvaćen i u praksi primenljiv algoritam izbora najboljeg rešenja ...
    rudarstvo, odlučivanje, upravljanje, model,multivarijabilno, multiatributno, multikriterijumsko

  • Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu

    Marjan M. Hudej (2014-02-03)
    osetljivost i rizik. Više pobuda generiše ovakvu atribuciju. Prva je, multivarijabilnostambijentalnih uslova i funkcionalna i strukturna složenost rudarskih sistema (čovek -priroda (radna sredina) - mašina – okruženje); Druga se odnosi na ne postojanje opštenaučne saglasnosti oko ocene pogodnosti modela za podršku odlučivanju i upravljanje.Treća, ako bi saglasnost i postojala, nije sigurno da bi raspoloživi modeli, metode i taktike,dale ekvivalentne rezultate za iste rudničke uslove. Četvrta, sistemske nauke još uveknemaju opšte prihvaćen i u praksi primenljiv algoritam izbora najboljeg rešenja ...
    rudarstvo, odlučivanje, upravljanje, model,multivarijabilno, multiatributno, multikriterijumsko

  • Application of the VIKOR Method for Selecting the Purpose of Recultivated Terrain after the End of Coal Mining

    Radmila Gaćina, Sanja Bajić, Bojan Dimitrijević, Tomislav Šubaranović, Čedomir Beljić, Dragoljub Bajić (2024)
    rekultivacija, ugalj, održivi razvoj, višekriterijumsko odlučivanje, VIKOR

  • Application of the VIKOR Method for Selecting the Purpose of Recultivated Terrain after the End of Coal Mining

    Radmila Gaćina, Sanja Bajić, Bojan Dimitrijević, Tomislav Šubaranović, Čedomir Beljić, Dragoljub Bajić (2024)
    reclamation, coal, sustainable development, multi-criteria decision making, VIKOR method

  • Tectonic evolution of the Circum-Moesian orocline of the Carpatho-Balkanides: Paleomagnetic constraints

    Emő Márton, Vesna Cvetkov, Miodrag Banješević, Gábor Imre, Aleksandar Pačevski (2024)
    Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie belt, danubicum, paleomagnetism, oroclinal bending

  • Одређивање резерви нафтног лежишта „Х“ методом материјал баланса

    Александра Петровић (2024)
    Метода материјалног баланса је кључна техника у процени резерви нафте и гаса у лежиштима која омогућава системско прорачунавање доступних резерви. Циљ ове методе је да се прецизно израчунају количине флуида у лежишту на основу доступних PVT података, података о лежишту и производњи. Резултати примене методе материјалног баланса показују да је она ефикасна у пружању кавнтитативних процена, међутим њена тачност зависи од квалитета улазних података. Метода материјалног баланса пружа основу за процену резерви, али може бити подложна грешкама због непрецизности ...
    материјални баланс, прорачун, енергетски режим, притисак, аквифер
    ... ojiHocHMa: F rnpejicraBJba yKyrIIHy IIpoH3BOJMy (bnyu/na: F = No|B, + (R, – R„)B„| + W„B, (4.5) V cnyuajy MBoQaaHor saampeMHMHcKor (pakropa B, jemHauMHa yKyIIHC TIpOH3BO/JUĐe (bnyH/la MO)Ke Ce 3armiCaTH KaO: F = N,|B, + (R, – R«)B„,| + W„,B„ (4.6) E, npeaicrapuba niipepe Ha(Te H pacrBopeHor raca: ...
    ... yYTOKOM 3a sacaheHa nexxumrra ca BOJIČHHM yTOKOM: F = NE, + W. (4.25) FE_ N+ We 4.26 DB B, (4.26) Ine cy: F = N,|B, + (R, – Rs)B,| + W„B„ (4.27) E, = [(B, — B..) + (R« — R„)B,| (4.28) /lujarpaum Ha cumnu 4.7. F/E, y 0yHKuaja W./E tupejicraBba N kao npeceK ca opaHaToM, a noMohy HarH0a ce no0OHJa ...
    ... nexunrra ca raCHOM KaHIOM IJI je: • Henoa3Hara N, no3Hara BeHuHHa racHe Kane, m F = N|E, + mE,| (4.29) Ine cy: F = N,|B, + (R, – R)B,| (4.30) E. = |(B, — B.i) + (Rsi — R„)B,| (4.31) Bg Eg = Bi - 1 (4.32) gi JUijarpaM F y QyHkKmujm E, + Eg nmaje npaBy maHujy Koja Hpona3H KpO3 THIOueTaK KaO ...

  • Correlation Between Dynamic CBR and Compaction and Bearing Capacity of Pavement Foundation Layers

    Milan Bogdanović, Snežana Bogdanović, Dragoslav Rakić, Irena Basarić Ikodinović (2024)
    This paper presents a dynamic California Bearing Ratio (CBRd) device that can be used on a prepared pavement foundation layer to obtain a certain parameter of the tested material in the laboratory and in situ in a direct and fast way. For the selected natural material (gravel), it is shown that the laboratory CBRd can be used to estimate the compaction and bearing capacity, because it correlates well with the parameters of the standard and modifed Proctor compaction tests. ...
    korelacija parametara, donji slojevi saobraćajnica, laboratorijska i terenska ispitivanja, dinamički kalifornijski indeks nosivosti CBRd
    ... TABLE 1 Regression statistics – inde- Dependent variables pendent variable CBR+p, En E Ev Multiple R 0.902730052 0.882476059 0.930206737 R 0.814921546 0.778765959 0.865284574 Adjusted R 0.811065745 0.774154874 0.862478005 Standard error 5.062052668 12.52554984 3.552758725 Observations 50 ...
    ... of CBR, , was successfully predicted using polynomial functions: CBR, (SP)=-0.2216w* +3.8763w" —12.611w+28.471, R* =0.9581, (5) CBR,, (MP)=-0.1547w* +2.5276w" —7.9066w+50.122, R* =0.8999, (4) where w is the water content for sample formation. The correlation between CBR,,,and the dry bulk density ...
    ... describe the relationship between CBR, , and the dry bulk density: CBR,» (SP) = -478050 +277599/0? -536707 , +345539, R? =0.9046, (5) CBR,» (MP) = -7066.6/* +431560? – 87562p, +59092, R =0.8903, (6) where pq is the dry bulk density of the sample in Mg/m*. 30 a % - b 200 - ii D tl/(:· AŠ |=} 180 ...

  • The influence of alkyl polyglucosides (and highly ethoxylated alcohol boosters) on the phase behavior of a water/toluene/technical alkyl polyethoxylate microemulsion system

    Marija Ilic, Franz-Hubert Haegel, Vesna Pavelkic, Dragan Zlatanovic, Snezana Nikolic-Mandic, Aleksandar Lolic, Zoran Nedic (2016)
    The influence of additives (alkyl polyglucoside, Glucopon 600 CS UP and alcohol ethoxylate C18E100) on the behavior of the water/toluene/Lutensol ON 50 (technical oxoalcohol, i-C10E5) microemulsion system as a function of temperature and composition has been investigated. The phase behavior of the microemulsions was determined by vertical sections through the Gibbs phase prism (fish-like phase diagrams). Alkyl polyglucoside shifts the one phase region to lower temperatures compared with water/toluene/Lutensol ON 50 mixtures. This is contrary to the expectation, considering ...
    микроемулзија, толуен, алкил полиглукозид, оксоалкохол етоксилат, појачивач ефикасности, „fish“ дијаграми
    ... Monken- busch, D. Richter, T. Sottmann, R. Strey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 102-105 B. Jakobs, T. Sottmann, R. Strey, Tenside, Surfactants, Deterg. 37 (2000) 357-364 G. Gompper, D. Richter, R. Strey, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13 (2001) 9055-9074 R. Strey, M. Brandt, B. Jakobs, T. Sottmann ...
    ... Allgaier, G. Gompper, D. Richter, B. Jakobs, T. Sottmann, R. Strey, l. Grillo, J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 580-600 B. Jakobs, T. Sottmann, R. Strey, J. Allgaier, L. Willner, D. Richter, Langmuir 15 (1999) 6707-6711 T. Sottmann, R. Strey, in Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, J ...
    ... W.C. Griffin, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1(5) (1949) 311-326 M. Kahlweit, R. Strey, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 24 (1985) 654-668 M. Kahlweit, R. Strey, P. Firman, D. Haase, Langmuir 1 (1985) 281-288 S. Burauer, T. Sottmann, R. Strey, Tenside, Surfactants Deterg. 37 (2000) 8-16. UTICAJ ALKIL ...

  • Demise of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform and onset of the Dachstein Carbonate Platform recorded in deep-water successions of the East Bosnian-Durmitor megaunit (Pliješevina, northern Montenegro, Dinarides)

    Milica Mrdak, Eva Wagerer, Milan Sudar, Nevenka Djerić, Martin Đaković, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick (2024)
    Triassic, Carnica event, clay mineralogy, conodont biostratigraphy, Neo-Tethys

  • Elektromagnetska sprega sistema litosfera-atmosfera-jonosfera

    Aleksandra B. Kolarski (2016-08-25)
    Radio talasi vrlo niskih frekvencija VLF (eng. Very Low Frequency) frekventnog opsega od 3 do 30 kHz, koji se prostiru talasovodom Zemlja-jonosfera (50 -90 km) su, kao što je poznato, efikasni i nezamenljivi u osmatranju pojava u niskoj jonosferi, sa tla...
    prostiranje talasa vrlo niskih frekvencija, talasovod Zemlja-jonosfera, globalno električno kolo, atmosfersko električno pražnjenje, kratkotrajne svetlosne pojave

  • The external aggregation Newton's method for solving nonlinear equations and applications

    Marija Paunović, Dejan Ćebić, Nebojša Ralević (2020)
    Њутнов метод, агрегациона функција, ред конвергенције
    ... Axxx(x, y) = Ayyy(y, x). DEFINITION OF THE METHOD AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CONVERGENCE Calculating the real root α of nonlinear equation f (x) = 0, f : I ⊆ R→ R . (1) is a common problem in the field of applied mathematics. The root α is said to be simple if f (α) = 0 and f ′(α) , 0. If f (α) = f ′(α) = ...
    ... (5) we call external aggregation Newton’s method, shortly EANM. The next theorem (see Ralević & Ćebić (2019)) hold. Theorem 5. Let f : I ⊆ R → R where I is an open interval. Assume that f is sufficiently differentiable function in the interval I and f has a simple root α ∈ I. If x0 is sufficiently ...
    ... o(e3 n). In the following Theorem we give the error equation of EANM method in a case when we approximate multiple roots. Theorem 7. Let f : I ⊆ R → R, where I is an open interval. Assume that f is sufficiently differentiable function on the interval I and f has a multiple root of multiplicity k ...

  • Pseudo-linear combination of fuzzy metrics

    Nebojsa M. Ralević, Bratislav D. Iričanin, Dejan Ćebić (2024)
    fazi metrike, filtriranje slika
    ... |O,1| is nondecreasing function, and fuzzy T-metric S(z,y,-): (0,+oo) — [0, 1| is nonincreasing function. XAMPLE 3.1. |[B][18] The mapping t : R+ x R+ — R defined by tay(z,y) = where K > 0, is a fuzzy T-metric with respect to muhltiplication, and sx(z,y) = @%)L_K is a fuzzy S-metric with respect ...
    ... algebraic sum, S(z,y) = 1 – (1 – z)(1 – y) = z + y — zy, dual to T with respect to the standard fuzzy complement. EXAMPLE 3.2. The mapping t: R*+ x R+ — R, p > 0, defined by (z(a? + yP))\? + K t.(z,vy) = p(z,y) max{z,y}}+ K where K > 0, is a fuzzy T-metric with respect to muhltiplication. Specially ...
    ... sum, dual to 7 with respect to standard fuzzy complement. EXAMPLE 3.3. |[5] If (X,d) is a metric space, then the mapping t: X x X x R+ — R defined by t IE" d(r,v)' and its dual (with respect to the standard fuzzy complement) s(z,y,t) = 1 — t(z,y,t) t(z,y,t) = %d%)y) is a fuzzy S-metric with ...

  • Концепт расположивости при дефинисању ефикасног одржавања помоћне механизације на површинским коповима

    Radiša D. Đurić (2016-05-30)
    Оцена расположивости представља основну компоненту уинжењерском управљању опремом. Расположивост је свеобухватни концепткоји представља меру употребног квалитета техничких система, који садржичитаву серију парцијалних индикатора који се односе на време у раду ивреме у отказу система као и на његову функционалну погодност. Овадисертација даје структурну анализу парцијалних индикатора као и развојмодела њихове синтезе на ниво расположивости. Поменути подаци имајухибридни карактер (измерени и експертски добијени) и њихова интеграцијаи синтеза је остварена коришћењем фази пропозиције и фази закључивања.Овакав приступ омогућава оцену техничког система ...
    управљање опремом, инжењерство одржавања,расположивост, фази закључивање, прикупљање података, булдозер